Computer hardware includes the physical, tangible parts or components of a computer, such as the cabinet, central processing unit, monitor, keyboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, speakers and motherboard. By contrast, software is instructions that can be stored and run by hardware. Hardware is so-termed because it is "hard" or rigid with respect to changes or modifications; whereas software is "soft" because it is easy to update or change. Intermediate between software and hardware is "firmware", which is software that is strongly coupled to the particular hardware of a computer system and thus the most difficult to change but also among the most stable with respect to consistency of interface. The progression from levels of "hardness" to "softness" in computer systems parallels a progression of layers of abstraction in computing.

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Mobile devices are devices such as smartphones, Internet tablets, e-books, telephones, PDAs, netbooks. Their main feature is of course the size. In the era of total miniaturization, mobile devices crowd out the so-called “stationary”: tablets and smartphones, smart watches, virtual reality glasses and other “mobile”, portable, lightweight equipment are replacing computers.